Electromechanical player for musical instruments.



J. F. WHITE. ELEGTROMEOHANICAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.13, 1908. 1,088,499. Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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J. F. WHITE.

ELEGTROMEGHANIGAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.13, 190s.

1,088,499. Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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J. P. WHITE.

ELBGTROMEGHANIGAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 13, 1908.

1,088,499. Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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BLBGTROMECHANICAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 13, 1908.

1,088,499. Patented Feb. 24,191 4.

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ELEOTROMEGHANIOAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV 13, 190B.

1 088 499 Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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J. P. WHITE. ELEGTROMEGHANICAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

APPLICATION FILED H0113, 1908. 1,088,499. Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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J. F. WHITE. ELEGTROMECHANIOAL PLAYER FOR MQSIGAL INSTRUMENTS. AI PLIOATION FILED NOV. 1.3,1908.

1,088,499, Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

9 SHEBTS-SHEBT 7.

J. F. WHITE. BLEGTROMBCHANIGAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 13, 1908.

1,088,499. Patented Feb. 24; 191

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J. F. WHITE. ELEGTROMBCHANICAL PL AYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. APPLICATION FILED NOV.13, 1908.

1,088,499, Patented Feb. 24, 1914.

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JOHN F. WHITE, F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELEGTROMECHANICAL PLAYER FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented F 9b. 2 1-, 1914.

Application filed November 13, 1908. Serial No. 462,446.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN F. \VHiTn, citizen of the United States of America, residing at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Electromechanical Players for Musical instruments, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to an electromechanical player for musical instruments, such as a piano, or similar keyed inqtriunent.

The primary object of my invention is the utilization of electrical and mechanical means for automatically reproducing upon a piano, a piece of music represented by a perforated sheet of paper movably placed in the player for controlling and governing said electromechanical means.

Another object of my invention is to pro vide an apparatus of novel form and construction which can be applied to and re moved from keyed instruments of ordinary construction, such as upright pianos and the like, without alteration of the instrument or its casing in any noticeable manner and which will not detract from the appearance of the instrument to which it is applied or in any manner interfere with or render dil'licult the task of playing the instrument in the ordinary manner by those possessed of the requisite skill.

In the art of automatic player mechanisms for keyed instruments, numerous pneumatically-operated devices have been perfected in which the mechanism is governed by a traveling sheet of perforated paper, the pneumatic mechanisms being either located in a cumbersome and unsightly exterior attachment for the piano, or crowded and expensively constructed within the piano. In either instance, such a device is somewhat complicated, necessitating the use of delicate piieumatically-operated mechanism, including valves, regulators, controllers and appurtenantparts, which require expert adjustmentand care in construction, thereby rendering such expens've mechanisms prohibitive in a medium grade of instrument.

My invention has been devised with the aim of dispensing with the aforesaid expensive and cumbersome devices, and the providing of an automatic player by which the desired expression can be obtained without any manual manipulation by the operator;

the services of the operator simply being required for changing the perforated sheet of music and stopping or starting the player mechanism.

The invention has for its further object to provide a piano player with a novel selector drawer. slidably mounted beneath the keyboard of the piano, the selector drawer being opened during the exchange of rolls of music and closed during the operation of the player mechanism. In the last named position the drawer is so arranged as to offer no obstruction or obstacle to the playing of the instrument in the ordinary manner, and will, in fact, be substantially concealed by the key-board so as not to detract from the appearance of the piano or instrument.

Reference will now be had to the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an upright piano, partly broken away and partly in section equipped with my improved player mechanism, Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the player illustrating the key actuating devices, Fig. 3 is a front elevation of one of the key actuating devices showing the means employed for temporarily holding same in a tilted position, Fig. at is a plan of a portion of the player mechanism, partly .broken away, Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the lower portion of a piano, illustrating the combined pedal and bellows actuating mechanism, Fig. 6 is plan of the same mechanism, Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a portion of the player mechanism illustrating the key actuating devices in the inactive position, Fig. 8 is a similar view illustrating one of the key actuating devices in a tilted or active position, Fig. 9 is a similar view illustrating part of the expression control mechanism, Fig. 10 is a plan of the selector drawer and the mechanism contained therein, Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view of the same taken on the line XIXI of Fig. 10, Fig. 12 is asimilar view taken on the line XIIXII of Fig. 10, Fig. 13 is a horizontal sectional view of the take-up roll of the selector mechanism, Fig. 14: is a similar view of the music-sheet spool of the selector mechanism, Fig. 15 is a side elevation of a double bellows used in connection with the selector mechanism, Fig. 16 is a horizontal sectional view of a portion of the same, illustrating a slide valve, Fig. 17 is an end view of the double bellows, Fig. 18

is a cross sectional view of a portion of the of music is being placed in the player for player mechanism in connection with a belre. voir, illustrating the damionvs and air p view of t ie tracker bar forming part of the selector echanism, Fig. 20 is a plan of a portion of the same, Fig. 21 is an elevation of a portion of the tracker bar, Fig. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of the slide valve of the double bellows of the selector mechanism, Fig. is a vertical sectional view of the slide valve forming part of the damper control mechanism, Fig. 24L is a cross sectional. view of the metallic contact bar of the selector mechanism, Fig. 25 is a diagrammatic view of the electrical connections of the player. Fig. 26 is a sectional view of the pedal and lever actuating mechanism taken on the line 26-26 of Fig. Fig. 27 is a cross sectional view of the same mechanism taken on line 2727 of Fig. 26. Fig. 28 is an enlarged detail side elevation of a portion of the pedal and lever actuating mechanism. Figs. 29, 30, and 31 are enlarged details of portions of bellows mechanism employed for actuating the reciprocatory frame. Fig. 32 is an enlarged detail plan and sectional view of a part of the pneumatic motor mechanism employed in connection with the selector mechanism, and, is a detail elevation of the gear wheels embodied in the pedal and lever ac tuating mechanism.

Before describing the construction and operation of the various elements which are employed to actuate the keys or hammers of a piano, it is thought best to describe the general organization to which, in the construction of my player, I prefer to resort:

Fig. 1, indicates an upright piano of M preferred form. In this piano directly above the rear ends of the keys and convenicntly supported in advance of the hammer-action is a. longitudinal casing, in which are assembled the instrmnentalities or devices for actuating the keys and thereby the hammer-action; these instruinentalities are operated by suitable actuating devices preferably located within the piano upon the base of the same. Since it is required that all the devices perform their respective ofiiccs very rapidly and yet within as small and compact a space possible, due to limited space in pianos of various types, it is pref cable to operate them from actuating co ances somewhat remote from them, ther re the location of the actuatin devices is at the base of the piano.

n connection with the foregoing s, there is a selector located below -board of the piano, and including means r coi'itrolling the general operation of the i Tl e selector is the only exposed feae of n p i r and exposure only occurs, as heretofore stated, when a perforated sheet control, inecnanisn'i, Fig. 19 is an end dethe with a central longitudinal slot reproduction.

In the player the following devices for performing particular portions of the work are embodied: 1st: A plurality of tiltablymounted key-actuators and. electroonagnets cooperating therewith. 2nd: A reciprocating frame for operating said actuators. 3rd: Devices for temporarily holding the actuators in tilted position. l-thz A bellows mechanism for reciprocating the frame. 5th: A damper control mechanism. 6th: An expression control mechanism. 7th: A movable selector mechanism. 8th: A pneumatic motor mechanism for operating the selector mechanism. 9th: A pedal and lever mechanism operating with or independently of the bellows mechanism for reciprocating the frame, and also with or independently of the pneumatic motor device that operates the selector mechanism. 10th: A source of electrical energy controlled by the selector mechanism for energizing the electro-magnets, and the circuits therefor.

Of the above stated instrun'ientalitics, the pedal and lever action for operating the reciprocating frame and the selector mechanism may be dispensed with if desired as the same is auxiliary to the main operating devices for these mechanisms and the operation of the player is not dependent upon the employment of the pedal and lever action.

TiZabZy-mozmtcd lacy-actuators and eleczfromagaets therefor, (Figs. 2, 3, 4t, 7, S and 9).The key actuators are best shown in the figures noted above, and constitute devices that can be operated indivii'lually, or in groups for producing single notes or chords as may be indicated by the perforated sheet of music. In the piano A directly above the rear end 1 of the piano keys 2 is arranged an oblong casing, comprising end walls 3, a bottom plate 4: and a top plate 5. This casing can be made of wood or metal with the end walls 3 suitably secured to the sides 6 of the piano, as at 7. The bottom plate 4 of the casing is provided 8 extending approximately from end to end of said plate, and upon said plate, at each side of the slot, are standards 9 arranged in pairs, with the pairs of standards in the row on one side of the slot staggered with respect to the pairs of standards in the row on the opposite side of said slot. These standards carry the keyactuators which in this instance, are in the form of platforms 11 pivotally mounted in the standards and each having an electromagnet- 10 mounted thereon. iirlthough the magnets are shown as mounted on the plat forms so as to tilt with the latter, the platfo "ms constituting supports for the electromagnets, which construction I prefer, such an arrangement is not essential to secure an operative device, it being necessary only that an electromagnet be provided for each platform or actuator and so arranged as to cooperate therewith. The platforms 11 are normally held in a tilted position (see Fig. 2) with their inner ends resting upon the base plate 1;, by means of springs 12 secured at one end to the plate 1 and hearing at the other end against the underneath faces of the platforms near the outer ends of the latter. Each magnet 10 embodies a central longitudinal fixed core 13 and projecting from the outer end of each magnet 10 and beneath and to the sides of the outer end of said core, are arms 1 1 to which is pivoted an armature 15, said armature being connected to the core above the pivot point of the armature with the arm 1 by a coil spring 16. The lower end of said armature is provided with. a right-angular detent 17 and an inwardly projecting. pivoted rod 18. The rod 18 extends beneath the platform 11 and has the inner end thereof pivotally connected to an armature 19, pivotally suspended from a bracket 20, carried by the inner end of the electro-magnet 10. This armature 19 is connected by a coil spring 21 to the core 13, and said armature is attracted thereto when the electro-magnet is energized. The inner end of each platform 11 supports a resilient member 22 for engagement with the llOOlT- shaped upper end of a vertically-extending key-actuating rod carried by each piano ltey and extending upward through the longitudinal slot 8 of the plate 4t. All of the electro-magnets 10 are connected by wires (not shown) to a suitable source of electrical energy 2-1 (see Fig. 10) and to the selector mechanism to be considered under another caption.

In. the herein illustrated embodiment of the invention, the key-actuating rods are, s stated, connected to the keys of the aiano, and it will be evident that when the rods 23 are raised by their actuators, the rear end of the keys will be elevated so as to engage and operate the hammer-actions (not shown) to cause the hammers to strike the strings of the piano. in operating the pla er therefore, the keys of the piano are also operated in the embodiment of the invention shown, but .1 do not wish to limit myself to the employment of a device connected with the keys in the manner shown, as it will be obvious that this connection is for the purpose only of thereby operating the hammer action, and I may operate the latter direct so that the lze s of the piano remain inactive during the operation of the player.

Reciprocating frame for tilting the key (actuators, (Figs. 2, 7, S, 9 and 1S.)Located upon the bottom plate a of the oblong casi" contiguous to the ends thereof, are standards 25, (see figures noted above, and Fig. 1) the confronting sides of said standards having vertical grooves 26 formed therein for slide blocks 27. These slide blocks 27 are carried by the end bars 28 of a reciproeating frame comprising in addition to said end bars longitudinal or side bars 29 adapted to engage the detent 17 and tilt the keyactuators to elevate the rods 23 and operate the keys 2 connected thereto. As the bars 29 and the detents 17 are subjected to con siderable wear, said bars and detents are preferably made of metal and case-hardened. The bars 29 are connected interme diate the ends thereof by a plurality of transverse braces 30 and 31, serving to strengthen the frame, and also serving as supports for elements of construction to be hereinafter considered. The reciprocating frame is normally supported in an elevated position out of engagement with the dctents 17-by means of two coiled springs 29 arranged between the end bars 28 of the reciprocating frame and the plate Devices for temporarily holding Z720 Z:o e ammo/ ore in (i fired position, (Figs. 2, T, 8, 9 and 1S.)To accomplish the holding down of a key is necessary when a full, half or quarter note is to be reproduced by the player, 1 have devised means for temporarily holding the key-actuator 11 in an active position, as best shown in Fig. 8. The device used for this purpose is located at the outer end of each electro-magnet, and comprises a bifur rated soft iron peg 32, carried by a resilient strip of metal or spring 33 secured to the bottom plate 1-, said spring or strip of metal being limited in its vertical movement by the plate at and a stop 3&1: carried thereby. When a key-actuator is tilted to an active position by one of the bars 29 striking the detent 17 of the armature, the detent passes into the bifurcation of the peg and said peg is attracted by the outer end of the core 13 of said magnet and holds the key actuator during the energization of the magnet. The spring or strip 38 simply serves to cushion the contact of the core 13 with the peg 32, carried by said spring or strip.

Pedal (md Zezxcr action for reciprocating f/zo frame and operating the key actuating Jet-ices, (Figs. 5, 6, 25, 2'7 and 2S.)-Upon the base board 35 of the piano case is mounted a two-armed standard 36 in which is mounted a shaft 37; on the shaft 37 between the arms of said standard is a balance wheel 38. The shaft also has mounted thereon adjacent to the standard a gear wheel 39: on the forward end of the shaft is a belt wheel or pulley 4:0 and at its rear end the shaft carries ratchet wheel 4-1 and loose pinions 4B. the latter placed one on each side of the ratchet wneel 1-1. These pinions each carry y voted spring-pressed or gravity paw 1 t for engaging the ratchet wheel 11. The pinions 12, are engaged and operated to turn the shaft 37 by vertical racks 45, 16 respectively connected at their base and from which base projects an extension 45. that connected. to a lever e8 near one end of the latter, said lever pivoted in a standard 4-9 mounted on the base board The respective ends of the lever 48 project into eyes provided therefor in the forward ends of bars 49, 50 which are pivoted in stand ards 51 carried by the base board 35. (Figs. 5 and 6.) Depending from the forward ends of the bars 19, 50 (see Fig. 5) are rods 52 connecting with the rear ends of pedals 53 and 5st (Fig. 6) which pedals are pivotally mounted in supports 55 carried by the base board 35. The pedals 58, extend forwardly beyond the front board of the piano ease and are provided with the usual tread pieces 56. The rear ends of the bars 49 and 50 are pivotally connected to feeders 57 and 58 secured to the base-board 35. Located adjacent to one of said feeders is a reservoir which is supported by a bracket 60, carried by the backboard 61 of the piano case. This reservoir 59 is connected by a tube 62 to the feeder 58, by tube (3-3 to the feeder 57, and by a tube 8 1 to a controlling valve 05, said valve being of the slide valve type having an actuating rod 66. This rod is operated by a gmernor mechanism 6'? of usual form located between a standard. (38 mounted on the base-board and the double-armed standard The governor mechanism 67 is operated by a pinion ("$9 on the shaft of the governor mechanism meshing with the gear wheel 39. By this connection with the pedal action 1 control the storage of air in the reservoir 59 since, should the shaft. 37 be operated too rapidly, the gover nor will act to partially close the valve and prevent more than the required quantity of air enteri' the reservoir 59. Connected to the forward ends of the bars 49 and 50 and to the base-board are retract le springs 70, normally holding the rear ends of the bars ele ated and the feecers 5? and 58 in an expanded condition.

Operating with the pedals and 5 1- are other pedals common to a piano for produc ing. when depressed, certain effects desired in the rendition of a musical compositiom one in particular being a pedal 76 for actuating the damper rod 71, Fi and 18. The lower end of the rod i1 is pivotally connected, as at- 72, to the rear end of a bar 73 pivoted in a standard 7-1, carried by the base-board The forward end of the beam 73 is connected by a rod to the pedal 76. The damper rod 71 will be hereinafter referred to in connection. with the damper control 11106 iism. lilovably supported by the douole-ar red standard is a small gear wheel 77, said wheel being stripped of some of the teeth thereof, as at 78, for a purpose that will appear in the general operation of the player. The gear wheel 77 meshes with the gear wheel 39, and is eccentrically connected to a rod 79, which extends upwardly through the lower portion of the piano case and is pivotally connected to an arm 80 fixed upon a shaft 81 journaled .in the stand ards 25. The arm 80 is permitted to have considerable range of movement when opcrated by providing a slot 80 in the cover 5 of the oblong casing; the shaft 81 is provided at each end thereof with two cranks 82 and pivotally connected to said cranks are irregularly curved links 83, said links connecting with the end boards of the reciprocating frame, as at 8 1-. (See Fig. 7). Bellows action cooperating with the pedal and Zero?" action for actuating t/z/c reciprocating frame, (Fig. 2.)The bottom board is provided intermediate the ends thereof with two bridges 85 having depressions 86 providing clearance for the longitudinal shaft 81. (See Fig. 2.) These bridges carry a platform 8'? and upon said platform is mounted a valve cylinder 88 and a superposed bellows 89, comprising a foundation board 90 and a top board 91 which. is con nected to the foundation board 90 by the well known collapsible casing. The top board 91 is connected by a depending side arm 92 (see Fig. 30) to the transverse brace 30 of the reciprocating fame, and by a duct or l'XlblG tube 93 to the controller valve 65.

The valve cylinder 88 is employed for controlling the exhaust of air from the bellows 89 and in connection with said cylinder a novel controlling device or valve is used. The cylinder 88 is subdivided into three compartments 9 1-, 95 and. 90, with a space 97 between compartments 9-1 and 95. The compartments 9 1 and 95 communicate with the interior of the bellows 89 by ports 98 and 99 respectively formed in the top of the cylinder 88 and in the foundation board 90. Compartment 96 communicates with compartment 95 by a port 100 and with the at mosphere by a port 101 formed in the end of the cylinder. Compartment 9% communicates with the space 97 and atmosphere by a port 102. Arranged longitudinally of the cylinder 88 and extending into the compartments 9-1, 95 and 96 is a rod 103 having a valve 101': within compartment 91- and a similar valve 105 in the compartment 90. The valves 10% and 105 are adapted to alternatingly close the ports 100 and 102 and control the movement of the bellows 89. The movement of the rod 103 is controlled by a device carried by an extension 91 of the top board 91 of the bellows 89. (See Figs. 2, 29, 30, 31). This device comprises a depending plate 106 upon which is arranged a block 107, and two compound curved springs 108 and 109, said springs being approximately parallel and in ac vance of said block. The springs 108 and 109 are adapted to engage a head 110, carr'ied by the outer end of the rod 103. The spring 108 is of a tension greater than the pressure of air from the chamber of the controlling valve 65 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 26), whereby the rod 103 can be shifted by a downward movement of the bellows board 91, as will hereinafter appear.

Damper control mechanism, (Figs. 18, 23.)For producing a loud and full sounding effect, I employ mechanism in connection with the damper rod 71 of the piano for antomatically raising the rod. This mechanism consists of a bellows 111, the foundation board 112 of which is mounted on a bracket 113 secured to the back-board 61 of the piano case. The top board of the bellows is pivotally connected to an arm 111 fixed upon the rod 71, and by a duct or flexi ble tube. 115 to the ports 116 and 117 of a controller valve body 118, suspended between brackets 119 carried by the top plate 5 of the oblong casing. The valve body 118 is provided with an inlet port 120 and an eX- haust port 121, said inlet port being oppo site the port 116 and connecting with the reservoir 59 by a duct or flexible tube 122. Slidably mounted in the valve body 118 is a valve 123 having a passage 121 adapted to be brought into registry with the ports 116 and 120, and also having a passage 125 for establishing communication between the ports 117- and 121, when said valve is shifted to close ports 116 and 120. To shift the valve 123, it is provided with a depending stem 126, which is connected by a pivoted link 127 to the platform 9 of an electromagnet 128, constructed similar to the magnets 10, and arranged at one end of one of the rows of electro-magnets 10, and actuated by the reciprocating frame when the magnet is energized.

Impression control mechanism, (Figs. 1, 9, 25.)-The bottom plate 1 is provided with standards 129 arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the slot 1, one standard of each pair being on one side of the brace 31, and the other standard of each pair on the opposite side of saidbrace, these standards supporting platforms 130. There are two of these platforms, one near each end of the oblong casing and each platform supports an electro-magnet 131 similar to the electromagnets 10, the electro-magnets 131 having armature-bars 132 actuated by the energizing of said electro-magnets. Secured to each one of the braces 31 directly in front of each one of the electro-magnets 131 is a bracket 133, and engaging said bracket is an inverted L-shaped bar 131, said bar extending through an opening 135 formed in the brace 31. Interposed between the bar 131 and the brace 31 is a spring 136 normally holding the bar 131 in engagementwith the bracket 133 and being of relatively less strength than the spring 29 hen the reciprocating frame is lowered and the electro-niagnets 131 are energized, the armature-bar 132 is moved into the path of the bar and upon an upward movement of the reciprocating frame, the bar 131 engages beneath the armature-bar 132. \Vith the bar 131 held by the armature-lair 132 the spring 136 will be under considerable stress upon each downward stroke of the reciprocating frame. The expansion of said spring will give the reciprocating frame considerable impetus, causing said frame to tilt the electro-inagnets 10 with considerable force, and through the medium of the rods 23, cause the hammers of the piano to strike the strings thereof with con siderable force. Immediately upon the electro=-magnet 131 being deiinergized, the bars 1 I assume their normal position shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings.

di e liable selector mechanism, 10 to 11.)Beneath the key bed of the piano are arranged cleats 137 for suppo .ing a drawer 138 having a suitable knob 139 to permit of the drawer bein drawn out. in the drawer 138 are arrai I (1 two transverse partitions 110 and 111, these partitions providing a compartment 112 in which the music-sheet spool and the take-up roll together with certain parts of the mechanism are located, the partition 111 and one end wall of the drawer forming a compartment- 113 in which the driving mechanism for the spool and roll is located. Journaled in the partitions 110 and 111 and extending into the con'ipartment 113 is a lo gitudinal shaft 111. Loosely mounted upon this shaft within the compartment 113 a take-up roll 115 having a button .116 to which a perforated sheet of paper 117 can be attached. The take-up roll 115 is provided with heads 118 and 113, the latter having circuniferentially arranged notches in its outer face, while the former is engaged. by a fla spring 151 secured to the partition 11/. Keyed upon the shaft 111 adjacent to the head 119 is a disk 152, having an opening 153 formed therein through which protrudes a clutch pin 151 adapted to engage in one of the notches 150 of the head 11$), said pin being 1 carried by a spool 1.35 loosely mounted upon the shaft 111. The spool 155 is provided with a peripheral groove 156 for a bifurcated arm 157 employed for shifting said spool relative to the c' With the spool in the position shown in Fig. of the drawings, with the pin 151 engaging the head 119, the spring 151 holds said pin in engagement with the head 119. The spring 151 also has another namely for preventing the roll 115 from revolving too freely on the shaft 11' In the selector compartment 112 is located a post 158 for a shaft 15., said shaft having a flanged head 160 with a cent 'al function spring-pressed pin 161. Secured to the outer side of the head 160 is a spring arm 1.62 having a pin 163 adapted to extend through an opening 164: formed in the flanged head 160. In the line of the shaft 159 extended, the partition 140 is cut away, to receive a movable block 166 which block carries a pivot pin 167. This pivot pin is employed for supporting one end of a music-sheet spool 168, the opposite end of said spool being supported in the flanged head 160. The music-sheet spool is provided with heads 169 and 170, the former being provided with a central socket 171 for the pivot pin 167, while the latter is provided with a notch 172 for the springpressed pin 163. Secured to the partition 140 is a flat spring 178 having its free end engaging the outer end of the block 166 for holding the pivot pin 167 in engagement with the head 169. Pivotally mounted upon the partition 14:0 adjacent to the block 166 is a. throw off lever 17 1, said lever being slotted, as at 175, to receive a pin 176, carried by the block 166. The lever 17 1 is limited in its movement by upwardly projecting pins 177 carried by the partition 1 10. The spool 168 supports the perforated sheet of paper 11-7, and the paper is wound onto the take-up roll 1&5 from the spool 168 and is then again wound onto the spool 168 from the take-up roll 1 15, as will hereinafter appear.

Loosely mounted upon the shaft 159 is a sleeve 178, and engaging said sleeve is a bifurcated arm 179 employed for shifting the sleeve upon the shaft 159. Pivotally connected to the sleeve 178 is an angular lever 180, said lever being fulcrumed, as at 181 upon a disk 182 keyed upon the shaft 159. The lever 180 is provided with an extension 183 protruding through an opening 18-1 formed in the disk 182. The extension 183 is adapted to engage in one of the openings 185 of a disk 186 mounted upon a shaft 187 journaled in the partition 141 and a post 188 provided therefor in the compartment 143.

In the compartment 142 adjacent to the partition 1 11 is a post 189 and pivotally mounted upon this post is a lever 190, to which the bifurcated arms 157 and 17 9 are secured. This lever is provided adjacent its outer or forward end with a knob 190 for convenience in shifting the lever. The inner end of the lever 190 is connected by a spring 1.91 to the partition 141, while the opposite end is provided with a cross head 192 having a notch 193 adapted to be engaged by a lug 19 1, carried by an arm 19:3 pivotally mounted as at 195 to the partition 1411 in the cut-away portion 196 of the latter. The lug 194 is normally held in the notch 193 in the cross head 192 by a Hat spring 197 secured to the partition 14:1 adjacent to the arm 195 and having its free tion bearing against said arm. The arm 195 projects into the compartment 1 13 and carries the armature 198 of an electromagnet 199 supported on a bracket 200, carried by the partition 1 11.

Trunnioned in the post 189 and the par tition 1 10 is a metallic transverse bar 201 carrying a pluralit 7 of metal contact fingers 202. The bar 201 is substantially triangu lar in cross section and the rear edge of said bar is engaged by a spring 203 secured to the post 189, and normally holding the bar 201 in a horizontal position with the contact fingers 202 thereof in engagement with metallic contacts 2011-, which together with insulation blocks 205 are alternately arranged in a. bar 206 preferably constructed of insulation, as porcelain. The contacts 20% and insulation blocks 205 are dove-tailed, as at 207, to slide into the dove-tail groove 208 of the bar 206. The metallic contacts are provided with binding posts 209, and in order that easy access can be had to said binding posts to connect wires thereto, the bar 206 is provided with a detachable cover plate 210. This bar is hinged at one end, as at 211, to the partition 14.0 and the oppo site end of the bar is provided with a notched lug 212 to engage with a resilient clasp 53 mounted in an extension 21 1 of the post 189. After the clasp 218 is moved out of. engagement with the lug 212, the elevation of the bar 210 is facilitated by a knob 215 carried by the bar 206 adjacent to the lug 212. The metallic contact fingers 202 are swung out of engagement with the metallic contacts 20st by a bell crank lever 216 pivotally connected to the post 189, as at 217. The bell crank lever 216 is engaged by the lever 190 and said bell crank lever 216 engages an ex tension L17 of the bar 201.

Pnctmmtc motor taco/mutton coo'pemtJ/ wit/2 26/10 pedal and laser action for operating the selector mechanism, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17.)In the compartment 1 13 are located standards 218 for a shaft 219. Upon this shaft are loosely mounted pinions 220 and 221, a fixed gear wheel 222 and a fixed sprocket wheel 228. ()n the shaft 187 protruding into the compartment 1 18 and alined with the music-sheet spool. 168 is located a sprocket wheel 221 and upon this sprocket wheel and the sprocket wheel 223 is mounted a sprocket chain 225. One end of the shaft 1 1% of the take-up roll extends into the compartment 1 1-3 and is provided with a large gear wheel 226 meshing with the small gear wheel 222 of the shaft 219, and with another small gear wheel or pinion 227, mounted upon a shaft 228, journaled in the partition 1 11 and a standard 229 arranged within the compartment 143. The shaft 228 is provided with 'a beveled gear meshing with a beveled gear 231 carried by the inner end of a shaft 232, said sha'ft being journaled in a bracket 233 arranged within the compartment 143. The shaft 232 extends rearwardly through the drawer 138 and through the front board 234 of the piano case. The rear end of the shaft 232 is formed with a rectangular portion 235 and slidably mounted upon this rectangular portion is a sleeve 236, journaled in a bifurcated bracket 23'? carried by the front piano board 234. The sleeve 236 is adapted to revolve with the shaft 232 and is provided with a pulley wheel 238. Upon this pulley wheel and the belt wheel 40 is mounted an endless cable or belt 239. It will be remembered that the belt wheel 40 forms part of the pedal action in the base of the piano case, and it is through the medium of this action that I am enabled to revolve the shafts 144 and 187 by the mechanism just described. The drawer 138 can be pulled outwardly without disengaging the shaft 232 from the sleeve 236, motion being imparted to the shaft 232 from the sleeve 236 irrespective of whether the drawer is closed or open. To permit of this outward movement of the drawer without disengagement between gears 230, 231, the rectangular portion 235 of the shaft is extended considerably beyond the sleeve 236 and has free sliding movement therein as will be apparent.

Located adjacent to the shaft 219 and supported by a bracket 240 within the co1npartment 143 is a pneumatic motor embodying a bellows comprising a foundation board 241 and outer boards 242, these outer boards extending beyond one end of the foundation board and being connected by segment racks 243 and 244 meshing with the pinions 220 and 221 respectively of the shaft 219. Upon the shaft- 219 between the pinions 220 and 221 is mounted a ratchet wheel 245 engaged by pivoted gravity pawls 246 and 247 carried by the loosely mounted pinions 221 and 220 respectively. The racks 243, 244, pinions 220 and 221, ratchet wheel 245 and pawls 246 and 247 are similar to the racks 45 and 46, pinions 42 and 43, ratchet wheel 41, and pawls 44, previously described in connection with the pedal and lever mechanism for reciprocating the frame and operating the key actuating devices.

Located upon one side of the foundation board 241 is a valve casing 248 and slidably mounted in said valve casing is a valve 249. (Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 32.) The valve casing 248 is provided upon one side with an inlet port 251 and an exhaust port 250 communicating with the upper bellows 252, and is also provided with an inlet port 254, and an exhaust port 253, communicating with the lower bellows 255. The outer side of the casing 248 is provided with inlet ports 258 and 259 alining with the inlet ports 251 ing, and is further provided with exhaust ports 256 and alining with the exhaust ports 253 and 250 in the opposite side of the casing. The valve 249 is provided with passages 260 and 261, the passage 260 being adapted to establish communication between the ports 250 and 256 simultaneously with the passage 261 establishing communication between the ports and 259. In consequence of this arrangement of ports and passages, the upper bellov 252 can exhaust .when the lower bellows 2.1m is taking air,

and vice versa.

The inlet ports 258 and 259 are connected (see Figs. 12-15, 16 and 17) by branch tubes 262 to a tube or due: 263 extending rearwardly through the drawer and the front piano board 234 and connecting with the tube or duct 93, which connects the controlling valve 65 with the bellows 39 en'iployed in connection with the mechanism for actuating the reciprocating frame.

The valve 249 16 ano is provided with a stem 265 having a head 266. The head 266 on its outer end engaged by two compound curved springs 267 and 268 and by a block 269, carried by a plate 270 mounted upon the boards These springs, block and plate are similar in construction and perform the same function as the controlling device described in connection with the mechanism for actuating the reciprocating frame and shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

Selector mechanism for energizing the clct'tro-magnets, and the circuits therefor, (Figs. 10, 11, 12, 25.)-The source of electrical energy heretofore mentioned and designated is preferably in the form of cell batteries located within the piano case or in the vicinity thereof, although it is to be understood that an ordinary electric light current of 110 voltage can be used, by installing the proper resistance. The source of electrical energy 24, in Fig. 25 of the drawings, to be hereinafter termed a battery, is connected by a wire 211 to the electro-n'iagnet 199 of the tracker mechanism and by a .wire 272 to a contact 213 located in the compartment 143. This contact 273 is adapted to be engaged by a contact 2T4 carried by the armature end of the arm 195. Another wire connects the contact 274 with the metal finger bar 261. The electro-niagnet 199 is connected by a wire 276 to one of the metallic fingers of the bar 291, which for clearness of illustration in connection with 25 of the drawings. l designate 277 and which finger is insula ed from the bar 261 as clearly shown in Fig. 25. The metallic contacts 264 are connected by wires 278 to the clectro-magnets 16, and said electro-magnets are connected by wires 279 to a bus bar 280. This bus has 280 is and 254 upon the opposite side of the cas- 1 connected by a wire 281 to the battery illustrated The metallic contact 204: with which the finger 277 contacts is connected by a wire 282 to the bus bar 280. lVhen the player mechanism is in operation, as will be fully described hti'einafter, the circuit is from the battery 24; through wires 271 and 272 to the contact 273, through contact 27stand wire 275 to the bar 201, through the fingers 202 and contacts to wires 278 to the electromagnets 10, through wires 279 to the bus bar 280 and through wire 281 to the battery 2s.

The stopping of the player mechanism is accomplished by the completion of a circuit through the finger 277. The circuit through this finger is as follows: from battery 2st through wire 271 to the electro-magnet 199, through wire 276 to the insulated finger 277 to contact 20-1, through wire 282 to the bus bar 280, and through wire 281 to the bat tery 2a. lVhen the electro-magnet 199 is energized. the armature 198 is attracted. moving the arm 195 and breaking the connection between cont-acts 273 and 27 1. The circuits are then broken through the electromagnets 10.

General 079e1"at 2i0n.To place the player mechanism in operation, the drawer 138 is withdrawn, and the music-sheet spool placed in position. To place the music-sheet spool in position, lever 174: is moved by hand to permit of the head 170 of the spool being placed in the flange head 160, the socket 171 is aliiied with the pin 16'? and the lever 17*: is allowed to return to normal position whereby said pivot. pin will engage the said socket. The bar 200 is then swung to an open position and the end of the perforated sheet of paper secured to the button 1 16 of the take-up roll. The bar 206 is then re turned to its normal position and locked by the resilient clasp 213. By reference to Fig. 25, it will he observed that an electrical circuit is normally maintained through the contacts 27?) and 274, whereby when a perforation. in the sheet of paper 1%? allows one of the fingers 202 to engage with one of the contacts 201-, an electrical circuit will be established. that will energize one of the clectro-niagnets 10. Consequently, the player is in condition to be operated after the roll of perforated paper .1 has been properly placed in the selector compartment. Assunr ing now that the pedals 535 and 5st are actuated by an operate-us feet engaging the tread-pieces 56, the bars and 50 will be rocked to operate the feeders and :38 and air will be pumped into the reservoir 59 and from this reservoir will pass to the controlling valve 05. Simultaneous with rcciprccation of the bars 19 and 50, the racks 4,5 and will l e vertically reciprocated to impart a rotary movement to the shaft 3?. This is accomplished through the medium of the loosely mounted pinions and 4-3 with the other rack, due to the pinions l2 and being rotated in opposite directions by the 1 ."ks :1) and 10 respectively. When the shaft 37 is rotated, the governor mechanism 61' is actuated through the medium of the large gear wheel 39 engaging pinion (39 and said mechanism operates the controlling valve 65 through the medium of the actuating rod 60, the governor 0'7 regulating and steadying the operation. This controlling valve 05 admits air to the tube or duct from. whence the air passes to the bellows S0 and to the bello of the pneumatic motor mechanism located in the operating compartment 113 of the selector drawer 13 The air used for operating the pneumatic motor of the selector mechanism first passes into the valve casing 218 and is admitted to the bellows 252 through ports 258, 200 and 251 causing the bellows to expand, while the bellows 235 contracts and exhausts air through the ports 25-1 261 and 259. The expanding movement of the bellows 252 causes the racks Qlit and 213 to move upwardly and the rack 24: 1 through the medium of the pinion 221 and pawl 210, imparts a rotary movement to the ratchet wheel 2t? mounted upon the shaft 21$). The rotation of the shaft 219 imparts a rotary movement to the shafts 1 1 1 and 18'}- through the medium of the pinion and gear-wheel 220, sprocket wheels and 221 and sprocket chain. il' ith the lever 100 in the position shown in Fig. 10 of the drawin 1 the pin 15st protiiujliig through the disk 152 into the head 1%.) of the take-up roll the spool 155, disk 152 and roll 1-1:) rotate in unison upon the shaft 1 ft, :onsequenlly the sheet of perforated paper will contact Fingers 202 e moved between th of the bar 201. and th bar 206 and will. be wound upon the take-up roll 145.

Before describing the result of the sheetof paper-being placed in motion, rcit'erence will again be had to the bellows 2532, 255 lccate in ie selector drawer. in expansion ot the. ellows 252 and the retraction of the bellows 255 elevates the plate 270, this plate carrying the h-lccl; 200. The tension of the spring 26. normally holds the head 200 of the rod 205 in engagement with the block 200, until said block is moved out of on; geinent with the heady 20 7. The spriu 20? then forces the rod 205 inwardly sh. ing the valve 2 whereby air from the controlling valve (35 will be admitted through. ports 250, .261 and to the bellows c); panding said bellows, while the bellows 252 exhausts through ports 250, 280 and 2:"0.

The air admitted to bellows 255 expands said bellows and causes the racks 243 and an to travel downwardly over the pinions 220 and 221. The rack 243, pinion 220 and pawl 247 now come into play for moving the ratchet wheel 245 in the same direction, as previously set in motion by the rack 241-1, pinion 221 and pawl 2 16. The head 266 of the rod 265 is now at the forward side of the block 269, and immediately upon the bellows 255 expanding, said block is moved downwardly in front of said head, with the spring 268 under tension. After the bellows 255 has expanded its requisite distance, the head 266 is released at the upper end of the block 269 and the spring 268 shifts the head to the rear side of the block and consequently moves the rod 265, whereby air will be again admitted to the bellows 252 to expand the same. It will thus be observed that the springs 267 and 268 serve to shift the rod 265 and that the movement of said rod is controlled by the block 269 movable with the bellows 252 and 255. This small device constitutes an automatic valve controlling mechanism which insures a correct utilization of air for operating the bellows 252 and 255 and imparting a continuous rotary movement to the shaft 219, so long as air is supplied by the controlling valve 65 to the valve casing 248.

The passage of air into the bellows 89 is controlled through the medium of the valve cylinder 88, rod 103 and the valve disks 10% and 105. The automatic controlling device comprising the plate 106, block 107, and springs 108 and 109, actuated by the expansion and retraction of the bellows 89, is similar to the device previously described in connection with the bellows 252 and 255 of the selector mechanism. The device in this instance controls the movement of the rod 103 and the admission and exhaust of air to and from the bellows 89, and it is apparent that through the medium of the side arms 92 the frame will be reciprocated in the oblong casing of the player. Assuming that the sheet of perforated paper is in motion, the perforations therein will allow certain fingers 202 to contact with the metallic contacts 204, and by reference to Fig. 25 of the drawings, it will be observed that when the contact is made between the fingers 202 and the contacts 204C that certain circuits are established through the electromagnets 10. When the electro-magnets 10 are energized, the detents 17 are immediately shifted into the path of the reciprocating frame and the bars 29 of said frame enge said detents and tilt the platforms 11, iereby the resilient members 22 of the platforms 11 will engage the hook-shaped vertical rods 3 and actuate the keys of the piano. The bifurcated soft iron pegs 32 act to retain the platforms in this position until the electroonagnets are deenergized, when the sprin s 12 return the platforms 11 to their normal position. The deenergization of the electro-magnets also permits the detents to return to their normal position, whereby the detents of de'e'nergized electromagnets will not be engaged by the bars 29 simultaneously with the detents of energized electro-magnets. As herein shown, the electro-magnets are mounted on the platforms to tilt therewith, but I do not vish to limit myself to this precise arrangement of these parts. A perforation at the end of the music sheet 147 permits finger 277 to engage contact 201 and thus complete a circuit (see Fig. 25) whereby the electro-magnet 199 is energized attracting the arm 195 and breaking the connection between contacts 273 and 27 1, and consequently the circuit through the electro-magnets 10. \Vhen the arm 195 is attracted the spring 197 (see Fig. 10) is placed under stress and the lever 190 is released by reason of lug 19 1 being drawn out of engagement with shoulder 193 and the lever is moved through the medium of the retractile spring 191. hen this lever is thus shifted, three operations are accomplished: first, the bifurcated arm 157 moves the spool 155 upon the shaft 1 1%, and withdraws the pin 15% from the notches 150 of the take-up roll head 1 19, allowing said roll to rotate freely, as will hereinafter appear, upon the shaft 144.

The second operation performed by the movement of the lever 190 is that of engaging the bell crank lever 216, and causing said lever to strike the extension 217 of the metallic bar 201, tilting said bar whereby the metallic contact fingers 202 thereof are moved out of engagement with the contacts 201. This movement of the fingers allows the sheet of paper 141-7 to be freely moved between said fingers and the metallic contact bar, the movement of said fingers also placing the spring 203 under stress, whereby when the extension 217 is released by the bell crank lever 216, said spring will return the bar 201 to its normal position with the contact fingers thereof in engagement with the contact bar.

The third operation performed by shifting the lever 190 is accomplished through the bifurcated arm 179 and the sleeve 178. (See Figs. 10 and 1 1). lVhen the lever 190 is shifted as described, the sleeve is moved upon the shaft 159 to place the extension 183 of the lever 180 in one of the op .niugs 185 of the disk 189, and since this disk is carried by the shaft 187, the shaft 159 will be coupled to and revolved in unison with the shaft 187 and the roll of perforated pa per 1 will be re-wound upon the musicsheet spool 168. In case there is not su'tlicicnt air in the reservoir 59 to operate the bellows 252 and 255, the operator continues to operate the pedals of the player until the sheet of paper 147 has been re-rolled upon the spool 168. The music-shes; spool 168 can then be removed, another placed in position and connected to the take-up roll 14:5, as heretofore described.

.Vhen the lever 190 is shifted, the lug 191- of the arm 195 is held against the cross head. 192 of the lever 190 by the spring 197 and remains in this position until the player is to be again placed in operation. Assunr ing that another roll of music has been placed in the player, the operator grips the knob 190 of the lever 190 and moves said lever to the right, the lug 194 of the arm 195 engaging in the notch 193 of the cross head 192. This movement of the arm 195 immediately reestablishes a circuit through the electro-magnets 10. The movement of the lever 190 allows the pin 154- to again engage the head 1 19 of the take-up roll 14:5, and the contact fingers 202 to engage the sheet of paper 1&7, and also disconnects the shaft 187 and 159, whereby the sheet of paper 147 having been attached to the take-up roll will feed from the music-sheet spool on to the take-up roll.

During the rendition of a piece of music, the player mechanism can be stopped by the operator pulling the free end of the arm 195 utwardly toward the front of the drawer, thus releasing the lever 190 and reversing the operation, whereby the sheet of paper 1 l7 will be re-wound from the take-up roll 141-5 upon the music-sheet spool 16S, and the roll of music may then be removed or again played.

It is thought that the operation of the selector mechanism through the medium of the bellows 252 and 255 will be fully understood, and reference will now be ha d to the pedal mechanism employed for reciprocating the frame and operating the selector mechanism independently of or in unison with said bellows. I have devised the pedal and lever action so that should any part of the bellows fail to act, the pedal and lever action may be used for reciprocating the frame and operating the selector mechanism and vice versa.

When the pedals 5st are actuated to impart a rotary movement to the shaft 37, as previously described, the endless cable or belt 239 imparts a rotary movement to the pulley wheel 238, and this pulley wheel through the medium of the sleeve 236 rotates the shaft 232 irrespective of the position of the selector drawer 138. T 10 shaft 232 through the medium of beveled gear wheels 230 and 231, shaft 228 pinion 227 and gear wheels 222 226 is adapted to rotate the shafts l-fl land 187 similar to the bellows heretofore described.

The rotation of the shaft 37 causes the gear wheel 39 to impart an intermittent movement to the small gear wheel 77, (see F 5, G and 33) this intermittent movement being accomplished by said gear wheel icing stripped of part of its teeth, as at 78, for a purpose that will presently appear. The rod 7 9 which is eccentrically connected to the gear wheel 77 oscillates the arm 80 (Fig. 7) and rocks the shaft 8.1.; consequently the bars 29 will be vertically re ciprocated through the medium of the cranks 82 and the links 83. The gear wheel. 77 is stripped of some of its teeth, as at 78, (see Figs. 5, 6 and 33) whereby the retractile springs 29 will return the reciprocating frame to its normal lowered position each time the teeth of the small gear 77 pass out of engagement with the teeth of gear 39, and the frame will be again elevated by the teeth of the gear wheel 77 meshing with the revoluble gear wheel 39. This operation will be better understood by reference to F 33 wherein the teeth of wheels 39 and 77 are shown as beginning to mesh, and as the wheels continue to revolve, arm 80 is drawn down by rod 79, and the reciprocatory frame 29 is elevated; immediately upon tooth 77 passing out of engagement with the teeth of wheel 79, the untoothed portions 78 of wheel 7 7 is brought opposite the wheel 39, unmeshing the teeth of wheels 39 and 77 and permitting the springs 29 to again lower the reciprocatory frame 29, this lowering movement of the frame 29 taking place while the wheel 77 is traveling around to bring the tooth 77 thereof into mesh with the teeth of wheel 39. The pivot or wrist pin 77 (Fig. 33) for this pitman rod 79 is so placed on the wheel '77 as to prevent a dead center. By providing this auxiliary or supplemental rcans for operating the reciprocating member 29, I insure a positive moven'ient of the member at all times during the operation of the mechanism, the auxiliary or supplemental means acting to actuate the member in case the bellows-operated means fails to work properly. For instance, if during the playing, any part of the bellows 89 becomes defective, the supplemental means referred to serves to continue the operation of the frame and permits continuation of the playing.

Considering now the auxiliary actuating devices used in connection with the player, reference will first be had to Figs. 18 and 23. The sheet of perforated. paper Isl-7 is pro vided with special perforations for allowing a certain contact finger 202 to engage a contact 20-1 and establish a circuit that will onergize the clectroanagnet 128. In energizin this electro-magnet 128 the detent there of immediately placed in position to be engaged by one of the bars 29 of the reciprocating frame. When the electroanagnet 128 is rocked, the depending stem. 126 of the controller valve 123 is elevated, where by air from the reservoir 59 passing through the duct or tube 122 will pass through ports 120 and 12% into the tube or duct 115, and from said tube or duct into the bellows 111. An expansion of the bellows 111 will elevate the damper rod 71 of the piano. lVhen the elcctro-magnet 128 is deenergized and returned to its normal positior the valve 123 is lowered, placing the exhaust port 125 in register with the port 117 and closing the port 120, whereby the bellows 111 can exhaust through the duct or tube 115, and ports 117 and 125. The operation of another auxiliary device previously described in detail under the caption of expression control-mechanism, is as follows: Vith the reciprocating frame in a lowered position, the two electro-magnets 131 (Fig. 1) are energized by a circuit similar to that of the electro-magnet 128. The armature bars 182 are moved to engage the bars 131 and hold said bars during an elevation of the reci nocatmg frame, whereby when said reciprocating frame is again lowered, it will be moved down forcibly through the action of the springs 136, these springs cooperating with the springs 29. lfhen the electro-magnets 131 are deenergized the armature bars 132 are immediately returned to their normal position, releasing bars 13% and allowing the springs 136 to assume their normal position.

It will be observed that the actuating contrivances can be used in connection with the ordinary pedals of a piano for obtaining certain expressions to be indicated by signs or marks upon the perforated sheet of paper, to notify the operator of the player that certain pedals are to be depressed to obtain desirable eff cts, known to musicians as phrasing or shading.

\Vhile in the drawings forming a part of this application there is illustrated the preferred embodiments of my invention, it is to be understood that the same can be varied or changed as to shape, proportion and manner of assemblage without departing from. the spirit of the invention.

Having now described my invention what 1 claim as new, is

1. A piano player comprising tiltablymounted key-actuators, connections between said actuators and the keys of a piano, means for tilting said key-actuators including electro-magnets, a source of electrical energy for said magnets, a selector mechanism in circuit with said magnets and controlling the energizing thereof, and a pneumatic motormechanism for operating said selector mech anism.

2. A piano player comprising tiltablymounted key-actuators, connections between said actuators and the keys of a piano, a reciprocatory frame for tilting said actuators, a bellows mechanism and connections therewith to reciprocate said frame, a pedal. and lever action also operating in conjunction with said bellows mechanism to reciprocate said frame, electro-magnets controlling said keyactuators, a source of electrical energy for said magnets, a selector mechanism in circuit with said magnets and controlling the energizing thereof, and a motor for operating said selector mechanism.

3. A piano player comprising a plurality of tiltably-mounted key-actuators, means whereby the keys of a piano are actuated by the tilting of the actuators, a reciprocatory frame for tilting said actuators, electro-magnets and connections actuated there by for selectively controlling the engagement of the frame with the actuators, a source of electrical energy for said magnets, a selector mechanism in circuit with said magnets for controlling the energizing thereof, a pneumatic motor mechanism for operating said selector mechanism, a bellows connected to reciprocate said frame, and a pedal and lever mechanism operable independently of or simultaneously with said bellows for reciprocating said frame.

1. A piano player comprising a plurality of tiltably-mounted key-actuators, means whereby the keys of a piano are actuated by the tilting of the actuators, a reciprocatory frame for tilting said actuators, a bellows connected to reciprocate said frame, electromagnets and connections operated thereby for selectively controlling the engagement of the frame with the actuators, a source of electrical energy for said electro-magnets, a selector mechanism in circuit with said ma nets for controlling the energizing thereof, a motor connected to operate said selector mechanism, and a pedal and lever mechanism operable independently of or simultaneously with said motor for operating said selector mechanism.

5. A. player mechanism for pianos comprising in combination, tiltably-mounted key-actuators, means whereby the keys of a piano are actuated by the tilting of said ac tuators, a rcciprocatory frame for tilting said actuators, means for imparting reciprocatory movement to said frame, means for temporarily holding the actuators in the position to which they are moved by said frame, el ctro-magnets and connections actuated thereby for selectively controlling the engagement of the frame with the act raters, a source of electrical energy for energizing said magnets, a selector mechanism in circuit with said magnets and controlling the energizing thereof, and means for operating said selector mechanism.

6. A piano player comprising movablymounted key-actuators, means whereby the keys of a piano are actuated by the moving of said actuators, means for operating said 

